Information Technology Basics

INTRODUCTION

Information Technology or simply known as IT refers to anything that is related to the technology of the present generation. Networking, hardware, software, the Internet, or the people that work with these technologies are just a part of a bigger knowledge that anyone can acquire from this track. Jobs like computer programming, network administration, computer engineering, web development, technical support, and other specializations were in demand since we are currently living in a world of endless technological possibilities. Information technology also became a household name to everyone as it can be seen almost everywhere. That's why many of us were aspiring to become one of the increasing number of professionals in the world.

But before making a decision whether taking IT as a track, we should be mindful of the the factors behind the numbers. First, Programming and Debugging can be one of your worst nightmare as an IT student but the fulfillment after a successful coding is priceless. Second, studying languages require lots of hard work and a huge  amount of time. Third, the dedication to programming might save you from the the burden that will leave you uncomfortable for weeks.Lastly, your mindset will suddenly change but will then back to normal after quite some time of instability.

There are a lot of schools and universities that is currently offering IT courses or tracks nationwide. It is very important to choose deliberately and save yourself from being a bandwagoner that might leave you hopeless in the future. But in the end of the day, it's what you want to pursue the most that matters. If you feel being into IT and you enjoy spending the rest of your life with computers, feel free to enter the world of unending knowledge of programming and debugging. Good Luck :)

KEY CONCEPTS

I. Hardware

1.1 Components

COMPUTERS

Personal computer (PC) - is intended for personal use, as opposed to the server, which is used by a larger number of people simultaneously, from different locations, often via terminals. If you do not intend to move your computer frequently from one place to another, and at the same time you want maximal price/performance ratio, then you should use a desktop computer.
Laptop or tablet PC - is used by individuals who have the need to travel with a computer or simply use them for aesthetic reasons when computing power is not an issue. Laptop computers, as opposed to tablet PCs, more closely resemble a personal computer when it comes to data input. Data entry is done via keyboard and mouse, while the tablet PC data entry is done via touch screen.


PERSONAL DIGITAL DEVICES

Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) - is a convenient small sized computer. It easily

connects to mobile phones and can prove a good solution for less demanding users. Its name directly tells us that this computer is more of an assistant and not a workstation-whose name suggests the superiority in capabilities and computing power, especially in comparison with PDA.

Mobile phone - is a portable electronic device used for distant communication. In recent years, mobile phone has evolved from simple communication device into a multi-functional device. Additional functions, such as short text messaging (SMS), electronic mail, Internet access, contact registration, calculator, clock, alarm, recording and photograph displaying, recording and playback of video clips, sending/ receiving multimedia messages (MMS), audio recording and playback, etc. has turned the mobile phone into an extremely useful device, whose absence would make active involvement and participation in a modern society not possible.

Smartphone - is a device that merges functionality of phones, PDAs, cameras, camcorders and computers. To function properly, smart phones use operating systems, which are the basis for application development. Some smart phones can be connected to an external screen and keypad, which creates a working environment, similar to that of a laptop or a desktop computer. Some operating systems for Smartphone are: Google Android, Symbian, Blackberry, and Windows Phone.

MAIN COMPUTER PARTS

Motherboard - is computer's basic circuit, to which all computer components are

connected, directly or indirectly. Devices are connected to the motherboard through a system bus. System bus connects all devices, ensures data flow and communication between different devices using predefined protocols. 

Central Processing Unit (CPU or processor) - is a central part of a computer and can be referred to as the computer’s “brain”. It manages all other computer parts, monitors their mutual communication and performs arithmetic-logical operations. Processor speed is measured in hertz (or megahertz or gigahertz). Most famous manufacturers for personal computer processors are Intel and AMD. 

Cache - is a small capacity memory which allows quick access to data. By storing data from working memory in cache, the speed of communication between processor and RAM is increased. Microprocessors use three levels of fast cache, L1, L2 and L3, used to store often used data.

Read Only Memory (ROM) - is a type of permanent, internal memory that is used solely for reading. BIOS (Basic Input/Output System), a program which is located in a separate ROM on the motherboard, and defines, as the name suggests, basic input/output system, is a good example. Please note that not all BIOS programs are stored in ROM.

Random Access Memory (RAM) - is a working memory in which analyzed data and programs are stored, while computer runs. It allows reading and writing data, and is deleted/cleared when the computer shuts down.

Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - is a place for permanent data storage (it does not delete/clear when computer shuts down). Its features are: large capacity, faster performance in comparison to optical devices but slower in comparison to RAM and are used for permanent data storage. We can distinguish between internal and external hard drives. 

CD-ROM drive - is used for reading CD media. DVD drive is used for reading DVD discs. DVD disc capacity ranges from 4.7 to 18GB. 

Soundcard - is a device used for sound creation and production by means of computer speakers. 

Graphics card - is responsible for image processing and displaying it on a monitor. It has its own graphics processor and memory. Image quality depends on the strength of these components. 

The Modem - enables computers to communicate via telephone lines. They connect computers to the Internet. 

Connectors or ports - are slots visible in the back and the front side of a computer.

COMMON INPUT / OUTPUT PORTS 

Universal Serial Bus (USB) - is used to connect various devices (mouse, keyboard, USB memory). 

Serial port - is used, for example in connecting a mouse (labeled COM1 or COM2). 

Parallel port - is used for connecting a local printer (LPT1 or LPT2). 

Network port - is used for connecting computers to a network. 

Firewire - used for connecting computers and audio-video devices (digital cameras, etc).

1.2 Computer Performance

• Processor clock speed, amount of cache and number of kernels 

• The amount of installed RAM 

• Graphics card- its memory and processor 

• Clockbus 

• Number of running applications 

Applications use computing resources. The processor runs applications and performs code that defines applications; therefore processors get the most workload when it comes to running the application. In order for processors to execute the application, it is necessary for application code to be loaded into the system memory. As a result, running applications take up a certain amount of working memory. 

The more applications are running, the greater the load on the processor and RAM .That is why the computer's performance depends on both the processor (clock speed, number of cores, cache memory), and the amount of working memory, as well as the number of applications running. Processor speed is measured in hertz (Hz), and due to a large working clock speed of today's processors, it is expressed in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz).

1.3 Memory and Storage Devices

Compact Disc (CD) - is an optical disc used for data storage. The standard capacity of a CD is 700 MB. CD-R is used for reading and writing data one time-only, while CD-RW for reading and writing data multiple times. 

Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) - is an optical disc which is, due to the larger capacity (about 4.7 GB), mostly used for video storage. 

Blu-ray disc (BD) - the successor to DVD, is an optical disk storage, it comes in different capacities, depending on how many layers it has and the capacity of each layer. Currently, the capacity of one layer is between 27 GB and 33 GB, while the overall capacity is the product of the number of layers and capacity of each layer.

Memory card - is a type of flash memory used to store data in digital cameras, cell phones, MP3 players etc. USB Stick is a data storage device. It features small dimensions, relatively high capacity, reliability and speed. It belongs to the type of flash memory that remembers data.

1.4 Input and Output Devices

INPUT DEVICES

Mouse - is an input device that facilitates work with the graphical user interface (GUI). The mouse transmits hand movements and the screen displays the cursor (mouse pointer) movements. They are divided into mechanical and optical (with respect to a transfer movement), and wired and wireless (with respect to connection). 

Keyboard - is used for data entry and issuing commands. They can also be wired or wireless.

Scanner - is used to load data (image, text, etc.) from the printed material into a computer. The result of scanning is an image, but with special programs, if we scan the text, we can get a text as a result. Software used to recognize text from image is called a text recognition tool. 

Touchpad - is used for transmission of hand movement, but unlike working with a mouse, the user is the one who determines the position of the cursor by touching the touchpad. 

Lightpen - enables handwriting on screen and can be used as a mouse. It requires an appropriate monitor type.

Joystick - mainly used in computer games. Unlike a mouse, it has many buttons which allow control over game objects.

Microphone - is a device that converts sound into an electrical signal, which can be stored on a computer. It is mainly used for recording sound, communication between players in online games, in combination with a web camera in video conferencing, for converting voice into text on a computer (speech-to-text processing (e.g., textual files or emails), etc. 

Webcam - is a camera that stores video signal in a format appropriate for video transfer over the Internet in realtime. 

Digital camera - unlike analog, stores photographs in digital format. It can be directly connected to a computer and photographs can be downloaded. Photograph quality is expressed in megapixels. More megapixels mean better quality of photograph, however more memory is occupied.

OUTPUT DEVICES

Monitor - displays images from the computer, it enables us to see, work and control computers. In other words, working on a computer without a monitor would be inconceivable. Common types of monitors, with regard to manufacturing technology, are the CRT and LCD. CRT monitors have been present on the market for a long time, and other technologies are pushing them out. They are based on cathode tube technology. LCD monitors use liquid crystal technology. In comparison with CRT monitors, LCD monitors use less electrical energy, do not emit radiation and their price is higher, however due to smaller dimensions, more attractive design and a good picture quality, they are pushing CRT monitors out of the market. Monitor size is expressed by the size of screen diagonal and measured in inches (''). Picture quality is expressed with the notion of resolution, which is a number of horizontal and vertical dots (pixels) (e.g. 1920x1080). 

Projector - is a device used to project a computer image or other images from independent devices, such as DVD players, Blu-ray player, etc. onto canvas or a wall. 

Printer - is a device used for printing data from a computer onto a paper. We distinguish between local printer (connected directly to the computer) and network printer (connected directly to network using a network card). Also, printers also differ according to print technology: dot matrix, laser, inkjet, thermal printer and plotter. 

• Dot matrix printers are the oldest, with the lowest price of print per paper, they are slow, make a lot of noise while printing, and are mostly appropriate for printing text. 

• Laser printers are similar to photocopy devices when it comes to technology. They have exceptional print quality, speed and are quiet. Downsides of laser printers are their high price and high price of toners. 

• Inkjet printers have a high print quality (somewhat lower in comparison with laser printer), they are quiet while printing, and have low initial investment. Ink price, especially color ink, can cost as much as the printer itself. Printing technology is based on ink dispersion from container onto paper. 

• Plotter is used for printing large drawings (up to A0). They are extremely expensive and used only for professional purposes, such as in designing firms for printing technical drawings (blueprints). 

• Thermal printer, as its name states, leaves a print on the paper by utilizing heat. They use paper sensitive to heat, feature small dimensions; they are quiet while printing and relatively cheap. They are usually used for printing receipts, and owing to that they are called POS printer (printer of sale). Also, they are used as calculator printers and due to their small dimensions, as portable printers.

II. Software

Operating system - is a program which manages computer hardware. First computers did not have operating systems; they had programs that were directly loaded into the computer (e.g. punchcards). Today, computers have an operating system which loads into the computer's memory during its startup. Computer functions are based on its operating system. Within operating system, drivers (responsible for the functioning of a computer) and various utility programs (responsible for the functionality of a computer) are installed. The most famous operating systems are:

• Linux (Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, Knoppix) - open source software

• Microsoft Windows (XP, Vista, 7) - proprietary software

• Mac OS X (Cheetah, Panther, Snow Leopard) - proprietary software 

Application Software (Utility programs) - are all programs that users use to perform different tasks or for problem solving. Users, according to his/her needs, install the appropriate utility software. Computer functions and tasks that computers can perform are defined by the installed utility software. Utility software can often cost more than computer hardware unless the software is open source. Common utility softwares are: 

• Text processing software is used for creating and forming text documents and nowadays, they can contain images, charts and tables. Examples of such programs are OpenOffice.org Writer (open source software) and Microsoft Word (proprietary software). 

• Spreadsheet calculations software is used for performing various calculations and presentation of results in charts. Examples of such programs are OpenOffice.org Calc Writer (open source software) and Microsoft Excel (proprietary software).

• Software for presentations is used to create professional presentations that consist of slides with graphical and textual elements. Such a presentation can afterwards be displayed as a "slide show” by using a projector. Examples of such programs are OpenOffice.org Impress (open source software) and Microsoft PowerPoint (proprietary software).

• Software for creating and managing database helps to manage a collection of structured data. Examples of such programs are OpenOffice.org Base (open source software) and Microsoft Access (proprietary software).

Common utility software installed on a computer: 

• Office programs - OpenOffice.org, Microsoft Office 

• Antivirus programs – Avira, Sophos, Kaspersky, Antivir etc.

• Internet browser: Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Opera, Safari etc.

III. Networks

Computer network - is comprised of at least two, connected, by wire or wireless, computers that can exchange data i.e. communicate. There are many reasons for connecting computers into a network, and some of them are: 

• Exchange of data between users that have network access, 

• Access to shared devices, such as network printers, network disks, etc. 

• Enables user communication and socializing, etc. 

Internet - is the most famous and most widespread network with nearly2 billion users and the number of users is still growing.

3.1 Types of Networks

Types of networks according to their size: 

• LAN (Local Area Network) - a network that covers a relatively small geographical area- it connects computers within a firm or household by wire, 

• WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network) - a network that covers a relatively small geographical area - it connects computers within a firm or household wirelessly, 

• WAN (Wide Area Network)- a network that covers a relatively large geographical area - it connects a greater number of computers and local networks. 

3.2 Internet, Intranet, Extranet

Internet ("network of all networks") - is a global system comprised of interconnected computers and computer networks, which communicate by means of using TCP/IP protocols. Although, in its beginnings, it emerged from the need for simple data exchange, today it affects all domains of society. For example:

• Economy: Internet banking (paying bills, transferring funds, access to account, access to credit debt, etc.), electronic trading (stocks, various goods, intellectual services, etc), etc.

• Socializing: social networks, forums... 

• Information: news portals, blogs etc.

• Healthcare: diagnosing disease, medical examinations (for people living on an island or in other remote places, some examinations, that require a specialist, can be done remotely), making appointments for medical examinations, the exchange of medical data between hospitals and institutes, surgery and remote surgery monitoring 

• Education: online universities with webinars (web + seminar), websites with tutorials, expert advice, etc.

Internet really does have many applications and a huge social impact. Perhaps the most important trait is information exchange, because information exchange among people enables collaboration, collaboration of like-minded people leads to ideas and actions in real life, and coordinated actions of people results in social change. 

Intranet - is a private network of an organization to which only authorized employees have access (login and password). 

Extranet - is part of Intranet, to which independent collaborators have access. 

3.3 Data Flow / Transfer

Download - is a term that implies taking a copy of digital data from a network computer on a local computer, and upload means placing digital content on a network computer. 

Bitrate - represents speed at which data is transferred through a modem (network). It is measured in bit/s (bit per second). bit/s is/are a measurement unit for speed of digital data flow through the network. The number of bits transferred in one second tells us how many bits can be transferred through a network in one second.

• 1,000 bit/s rate = 1 kbit/s (one kilobit or one thousand bits per second) 

• 1,000,000 bit/s rate = 1 Mbit/s (one megabit or one million bits per second) 

• 1,000,000,000 bit/s rate = 1 Gbit/s (one gigabit or one billion bits per second) 

Speed of data flow can be expressed in bytes per second. Since one byte has eight bits, such is the relation between bit/s and Bp/s, i.e. bits per second and bytes per second. 

3.4 Connection Methods 

Mobile - connecting by using a mobile network (GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, HSPA).

Satellite - commonly used in parts of the world where there is no proper infrastructure and there is no other way of accessing the Internet.

Wireless (Wi-Fi) - data is transferred between computers by using radio frequencies (2,4 GHz) and the corresponding antennas.

Cable - connecting to the Internet through television cable network using a cable modem.

Dial-up Internet access method uses a modem (56k) and a telephone line.

Broadband is characterized by a high-speed data transfer, permanent access to the Internet, and thus the risk of unauthorized access to the network or your personal computer.

IV. ICT in Everyday life

The acronym ICT (Information and Communication Technology) includes all technical means that are used for handling information and facilitating communication, including computers, network hardware, communication lines and all the necessary software.

4.1 Internet Services

E-commerce - is a form of trade that allows customers to browse and purchase products online.

E-banking - allows users to have control over their accounts (view balances and transactions), transactions from one account to another, credit payment, shopping vouchers for mobile phones etc. The benefits are saving time (which would otherwise be spent waiting in lines), lower service fees, and access from anywhere, anytime. 

E-government - use of information technology to provide better public access to government information, therefore providing citizens with their human right to information. 

4.2 E-Learning

E-learning consists of all forms of learning and/or knowledge transfer that are based on electronic technologies. This term will mostly be used to describe learning and/or dissemination of knowledge without direct teacher-student contact, while using ICT technology.

Advantages of e-learning greatly coincide with learning from books, with a difference that the books come only in text and graphic form on paper, while e-learning materials have multimedia features, and the ability to remotely monitor lectures in real-time. To illustrate, physicians can observe medical procedures that are currently taking place in another hospital; students can attend classes that are currently taking place at another university. 

Some of the advantages for students: 

• Adaptive time, place and pace of learning

• Access and availability of education

• Unlimited repetition of lectures

• Reduced cost of education

• Multimedia environment(video, audio, text)

• Much larger education user base.

• Simple and easy upgrade of materials.

Some of the benefits for teachers and educational institutions:

• Reduced costs of conducting teaching (reduced travel costs and accommodation)

• Reduced or eliminated costs for classrooms, etc.)

• Much larger education user base

• E-education allows educational staff to invest a much shorter time commitment to implement the respective education

• simple and easy upgrade of materials, etc.

4.3 Teleworking

Some of the factors that determine teleworking are: quality of IT infrastructure, good computer literacy, type of work that can be done from any place with a computer equipped with necessary programs, employees with a professional attitude towards work, organization of work adapted to this operation mode, etc.

Some advantages of teleworking:

• Reduced utility costs and employees transportation reimbursement 

• Reduced time for traveling to and from work.

• Adapting working conditions to personal habits-flexibility

• Possibility of working in the convenience of a person’s home (or other places that are not an office).

• Lower stress level, provided there is a good organization and coordination , i.e. the flow of information between employees is unconstrained.

• An excellent solution for people with disabilities or long-term illness, parents, or those who enjoy traveling.

Some disadvantages of teleworking:

• Physical isolation - lack of direct social contact with colleagues.

• Not suitable for everyone - requires a certain dose of self-control and motivation.

• Less opportunity for advancement due to lack of traditional vertical hierarchy in the company, however horizontal hierarchy is created, where no one is above anyone, but everyone has their own duties and obligations.

• Less emphasis on teamwork in the traditional sense, since tasks are done independently, physically isolated from others. It requires a heightened focus, due to lack of physical contact among team members, and emphasizes teamwork in terms of communication, information exchange. 

4.4 Email, IM, VoIP, RSS, Blog, Podcast

E-mail - is the transmission of text messages via Internet. Using attachment, users can exchange files like images, multimedia, documents, etc. E-mail addresses consist of a username, @ sign ("at") and a domain name.

IM (Instant Messaging) service - is used for instant message exchange and real time communication. Besides textual communication and video conferencing, they allow file transfer as well. Some of the popular IM services are: WindowsLiveMessenger, Skype, and GoogleTalk.

VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) - is a term for technology that enables digitalization and transfer of sound (and multimedia sessions) over the Internet. Therefore, it enables sound communication much like the telephone call. In short, VoIP protocol enables audio/video communication between users.

RSS (Really Simple Syndication) - is a set of web formats, used by web pages that are being constantly updated, considering that by using RSS, new information, articles, etc. can be published. RSS enables us to, with use of appropriate software, read new titles and access news summaries. Users can, with appropriate software, obtain news from various portals and receive information without the need to visit all of them independently, while publishers can distribute news easily to end-users who are monitoring their RSS feeds/channel.

Blog (web log) - is a form of Internet media in which users can re-post or write their opinion on any topic. It can be personal (a form of Internet diary), thematic, or in the form of journals. Blogs are popular because end-users do not need to have advanced computer knowledge, or knowledge of webpage creation, in order to be present on the Internet and write about various topics, i.e. state their opinion. Blogging has greatly facilitated the exchange of interests, ideas, opinions, and contributed to realization of human right to free expression. Some use blogs to share their art, personal aesthetic, or to collect virtual clippings from websites online. 

Podcast (POD - Personal On Demand+ Broadcast) is a digital file containing audio or video content. It is distributed over the Internet using RSS technology.

4.5 Virtual Communities

The term "virtual community" encompasses a group of people who communicate via social networks, forums, IM service, blogs. We call it a community, since they are a collection of people who participate in a group of their interests, thus forming a virtual community, because it does not involve physical contact, but is carried out by means of ICT technologies. 

Social Networks - are free online services that provide users with various forms of presentation and communication. Some of the more popular social networks are: MySpace, Facebook, Twitter, Google+. 

Forum - is a service that allows users to exchange opinions. It can be compared to bulletin boards on which participants leave their messages, while others leave their comments. Examples of forums are: Reddit, TED Conversations.

MMO (Massive Multiplayer Online) - are network games, played by a large number of players via the Internet. One of the sub-genres of MMO is a MMORPG (Massive Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game), and its most popular representative is a game called 'World of Warcraft'. 

Chatroom - is a webpage or part of a webpage which allows a real-time information exchange. Unlike the instant messaging writing software, it does not require computer installation, only a web browser and Internet connection.

The most popular service for video clip sharing is YouTube. 

Picture or photograph exchange services– Photobucket, Flickr, lolcats etc. 

One of the main features of the Internet is information flow. That is why information is valuable, and today companies are looking for ways to obtain information via the Internet. For instance, Google does not charge for the use of the search engine, however every time you enter something into a search engine, you inform the search engine what you want to know, what your interests are. Using this information, Google will display ads that might be of interest to you, and will gain revenue through advertising. Another example is online community. In online communities you open a user account and fill it out with more or less personal information. You will often have the opportunity to read that someone got fired for leaving negative comments on sites, such as Twitter, about their boss or a company they work for. Another characteristic of the Internet is that once you publish some information, it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to remove it. For that reason it is necessary to be careful when leaving personal data on social networks. One should avoid sharing information regarding date and place of birth, home address, phone number, planned vacation, and use security settings to restrict access to your user profile. 

RELATED COURSE TO PURSUE

Why Computer Science?

There are a lot of courses that is associated with Information and Communications Technology. All of those require the same amount of effort, determination, and patience. I feel like I can't want to try every single course. But there is one course that I consider to graduate and have a degree with. And here are the factors why I choose Com Sci:

• Creativity and Innovation - computer science is the most creative and diverse of all the technology fields. Computer scientists theorize, design, develop, and apply the software and hardware for the programs we use everyday. 

• Experimentation is key - learning CS involves experimentation. You have to mess around with the code. Sometimes it means that you’ll break something that was already working. But the great thing is that in return, you get to learn something new, sometimes something that isn’t even documented or fixed. Sometimes I feel like taking the lazy approach and just going back to the old ways of doing things, but trust me, it’s definitely a lot better to just play around with it.

• Lots of opportunities abroad - computers have gone global and a year abroad will provide you with a deeper understanding of how computers are used around the world, allowing you to experience other cultures, and gain some language skills in the process.

• CS is needed in every type of industry - every industry uses computers so naturally computer scientists can work in any. Problems in science, engineering, health care, and so many other areas can be solved by computers. It's up to the computer scientist to figure out how, and design the software to apply the solution. 

• CS graduates earn high salaries - it's no secret that computing careers provide a nice living. New graduates with bachelor's degrees in computer science were offered an average starting salary of $63,017, according to the National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) Spring 2011 Salary Survey. That was second only to chemical engineering majors.

• CS can help make the world a better place - people with backgrounds in computer science have made and continue to make vital contributions in engineering, the arts & science, and medicine -- including AIDS research and the human genome project, just to name a few examples.

• CS is on the cutting edge of IT -  computers are so ubiquitous these days that it's easy to forget how quickly they've changed our lives. Our society is becoming increasingly dependent on technology for every aspect of our lives, from business to social interaction and beyond, Computer Scientists are sought after in pretty much every industry and in a wide range of capacities. A computer science degree from an accredited, well rated college can lead you to a fulfilling, well-paying career, which is something that is a rarity in the current state of the economy.

• Logical thinking - the skills in logic and problem solving will help so much more than just your job. It can help with your everyday life. And in computer science, you'll get a lot of them.

• Your work style is flexible - when you’re looking for a job, your personal preferences count. If you prefer working on your own, there are jobs out there in IT that let you do this (though of course you’re going to have to communicate with other people sometimes). But contrary to popular belief that computing professionals sit alone typing for hours on end, there’s a lot of teamwork involved. Jobs in research companies, games companies and of course, companies like Facebook and Google involve a lot of team working to come up with the best solution for a problem.

• A great job satisfaction can be attained - this sector has one of the highest rates of job satisfaction around. It’s true that job satisfaction has taken a big hit recently, but even so, a study in the UK found that the job satisfaction in IT was double that of the national average for other work sectors.

IS PROGRAMMING HARD?

let this video explain it to you

REFERENCES:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvAsqPbz9Ro
http://www.itdesk.info/handbook_basic_ict_concepts.pdf
http://www.itcareerfinder.com/brain-food/blog/entry/top-reasons-to-earn-a-computer-science-degree.html
http://www.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk/courses/computer-science/6-reasons-why-you-should-study-a-computer-science-degree/